4.6.3).Īs these laws suggest, women who worked in bars were cast as lowly and commodified bodies available to be bought (and often abused). It established that unions between elite men and certain types of disreputable women––enslaved women and their daughters, freedwomen and their daughters, daughters of pimps or gladiators, actresses, daughters of actresses, waitresses and their daughters, and even women who sold wares––could not produce legitimate unions with elite men (and thus acquire all the privileges of status, property, and inheritance rights that came with a legal union) ( CTh. In 336 CE, Constantine laid down another law that further clarified the leges Juliae. Their lowly status as an ancilla or ministrameant they were then legally on par with prostitutes as infames ( CTh 9.7.1). On February 3, 326 CE, Constantine issued a legal clarification for Augustus’ Lex Julia de adulteriis, ruling that the wives of tavern owners (here labeled an uxor tabernarii) could be brought up on charges of adultery, but that the the barmaids working within the tavern could not be. One customer shouts “over here!”while another says “no, it’s mine!” The exasperated barmaid replies “whoever wants it should take it. In it, a bar maid holds a jug in one hand and a cup in another.
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